Diversity in Dahlias - Advanced

The Chemistry of Dahlia Colors

The color of dahlias is due to the presence of pigments called chalcones, aurones, and anthocyanins. These pigments are synthesized by the plant and accumulate in different parts of the flower, giving it a characteristic color. Chalcones and aurones are yellow pigments that are synthesized in the cytoplasm of the plant cell. They are produced through a biochemical pathway called the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, which involves several enzymes and intermediate compounds. The chalcones and aurones are then transported to the vacuole, a large organelle in the plant cell, where they accumulate and contribute to the yellow color of the petals. Anthocyanins, on the other hand, are responsible for the red, pink, and purple colors seen in dahlias. They are synthesized from the same pathway as chalcones and aurones but undergo further modifications in the vacuole to produce red, pink, and purple pigments. The specific color of the flower depends on the type and concentration of the anthocyanins present. Overall, the synthesis and accumulation of chalcones, aurones, and anthocyanins are important for the coloration of dahlias. Understanding the biochemical pathways involved in pigment production can help breeders develop new varieties with different colors or intensities, and also help scientists understand the evolution of flower color in plants.